Springer Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis: Colorectal Cancer: 4

Authors and Co-Authors of Volume 4 Preface Contents of Volume 1, 2, and 3 PART I. COLORECTAL CANCER 1. INTRODUCTION: COLORECTAL CANCER M.A. Hayat INTRODUCTION Screening for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Rectal Cancer REFERENCES A. Diagnosis 2. POORLY DIFFERENTIATED COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA: (METHODOLOGY) Seiichi Shinji, Zenya Naito, Toshiyuki Ishiwata, Yoko Matsuda, Tomoko Seya, and Takashi Tajiri INTRODUCTION HISTOPATHOLOGY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY FOR MALIGNANT CHARACATERISTICS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMA IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION FOR MALIGNANT CHARACTERISTICS OF POORLY DIFFERENTIATED ADENOCARCINOMA THERAPY REFERENCES 3. COLORECTAL CANCER: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL; DIAGNOSIS WITH HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN K Ayham Alnabulsi, Brian Carpenter, Colin Telfer, and Graeme I. Murray INTRODUCTION BIOMARKERS Approved Biomarkers - Problems Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer Demand for Colorectal Biomarkers COLORECTAL BIOMARKER HETEROGENEOUS NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN K Methodology 2D Gel Electrophoresis (2DGE) Semiquantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Monoclonal Antibody to Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K Immunohistochemistry (IHC) RESULTS DISCUSSION FUTURE DIRECTION REFERENCES 4. METASTASES AND RECURRENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER: DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHY Vladimir Obradovic and Vera Artiko INTRODUCTION GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Radiopharmaceuticals Imaging Systems and Techniques IMMUNOSCINTIGRAPHIC METHODS USED FOR DIAGNOSTICS OF COLORECTAL CANCER Immunoscintigraphy Based onRadiopharmaceuticals Labeled with Radioiodines Immunoscintigraphy Based on Radiopharmaceuticals Labeled with 111In Immunoscintigraphy Based on Radiopharmaceuticals Labeled with 99mTc Comparison of Diagnostic Values of Different Radiopharmaceuticals Immunoscintigraphy and Positron Emission Tomography Radioimmunoguided Surgery CONCLUSION REFERENCES 5. COLORECTAL CANCER DIAGNOSIS USING DNA LEVELS IN BLOOD AND STOOL Emanuela Flamini, Daniele Calistri, Laura Mercatali, Claudia Rengucci and Dino Amadori INTRODUCTION AVAILABLE TESTS AND THEIR COST BENEFITS Fecal Occult Blood Test Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Colonoscopy Barium Enema with Air Contrast Virtual Colonoscopy MOLECULAR MARKERS AND THEIR COST BENEFITS FREE CIRCULATING DNA IN BLOOD Biological Mechanisms of Free Circulating DNA Release Methodological Aspects of Free Circulating DNA Sources and Influence of Pre-Analytical Factors Isolation and Quantification Free Circulating DNA Levels in Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis INTEGRITY OF GENOMIC EXTRACTED DNA FROM STOOL Analysis of Long Fragment DNA in Stool Advantages and Technical Problems CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES 6. COLORECTAL CARCINOMA: IDENTIFICATION OF microRNAs USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Eva Bandres, Nerea Bitarte, Natalia Ramirez, Ruth Zarate, and Jesus Garcia-Foncillas INTRODUCTION GENOMICS OF microRNA microRNA BIOGENESIS AND FUNCTION EVIDENCE FOR THE INVOLVEMENT OF microRNA IN CANCER REGULATION OF microRNA EXPRESSION IDENTIFICATION OF microRNA TARGETS: BIOINFORMATIC AND FUNCTIONAL TOOLS TECHNOLOGY TO QUANTIFY microRNAs EXPERIMENTAL WORKFLOW FOR microRNA EXPRESSION BY REAL- TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IDENTIFICATION OF DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED microRNA IN COLORECTAL CANCER USING REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION Q