Evaluation of Spray and Oral Delivery of Newcastle Disease I2 Vaccine: Chicken Reared by Smallholder Farmers in Central Ethiopia

These days, Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly infectious disease causing considerable economic losses to poultry farmers worldwide. vaccination has been considered effective and affordable control option in several countries. The conventional vaccine delivery methods, however, are not suitable for smallholder and rural poultry production systems and thus appropriate vaccination methods need to be sought. Therefore, this book delivers an innovative alternative option route of Newcastle disease I-2 vaccine application additional to the conventional methods. Two NDI2 vaccine delivery routes were compared with the recommended route of vaccination (eye drop method). chickens vaccinated with NDI2 vaccine via spray elicited anti-NDV antibody titre, which is considered protective to virulent field virus challenge. That is, the level of protection conferred by spray is comparable to the eye drop method of vaccination. This result helps to introduce easily adoptable NDI2 vaccine delivery system that provide good level of immunity, and should be especially useful to smallholder farmers and commercial farms or anyone else who may be involved in poultry farm industry.