£107.27

Springer The Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Language, KARL

Price data checked 1 day ago

View at Amazon

We'll watch every seller, every day. One email when your price arrives.

About as cheap as it gets. The only time it was cheaper was 3 months ago.

£107 today · all-time low £106 (Feb 2026) · usually £109

NEW HERE?

Amazon shows you one price. We show you all of them.

Tosheroon watches Amazon prices so you don't have to. Every product on Amazon has a price history — we make it visible. Set the price you'd actually pay, and we'll email you the second it gets there. No app, no account, one email.

WHAT'S ON THIS PAGE

↓ Price chart
when this has been cheap or pricey
↓ Forecast
where the price is heading next
↓ Statistics
all-time high & low, recent range
↑ Price alert
name your number, we'll email you

Price History & Forecast

Grey patches = out of stock. Cheaper = lower on the chart. Hover for exact prices.

Last 90 days • 90 data points

Historical
Generating forecast...
£110.37 £105.60 £106.64 £107.68 £108.72 £109.76 £110.80 18 February 2026 12 March 2026 03 April 2026 25 April 2026 18 May 2026

Price Distribution

Price distribution over 90 days • 5 price levels

Days at Price
Current Price
19 days 1 day · current 6 days 37 days 27 days 0 9 19 28 37 £106 £107 £108 £109 £110 Days at Price

Price Analysis

Most common price: £109 (37 days, 41.1%)

Price range: £106 - £110

Price levels: 5 different prices over 90 days

Description

The Knowledge Acquisition and Representation Language KARL is a formal and operational specification language for knowledge-based systems and second-generation expert systems. KARL provides language primitives to represent knowledge according to the layers of a KADS-oriented model of expertise. The main features of KARL are: it provides epistemologically adequate modelling primitives that allow knowledge specifications at the knowledge level. Therefore, KARL allows a smooth transition from informal to formal specifications. KARL is a formal knowledge specification language. That is, it has a declarative semantics. KARL is an operational knowledge specification language that allows prototyping, i.e. knowledge evaluation by testing.

Product Specifications

Format
paperback
Domain
Amazon UK
Publication Date
27 September 2012
Listed Since
06 December 2012

Barcode

No barcode data available

Similar Products You Might Like

The Object-Z Specification Language: 1 (Advances in Formal Methods, 1)
75% match

The Object-Z Specification Language: 1 (Advances in Formal Methods, 1)

Springer

£165.36 18 May 2026
High-Level System Modeling: Specification Languages: 3 (Current Issues in Electronic Modeling, 3)
75% match

High-Level System Modeling: Specification Languages: 3 (Current Issues in Electronic Modeling, 3)

Springer

£73.16 18 May 2026
Practical Performance Modeling: Application of the MOSEL Language: 588 (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 588)
74% match

Practical Performance Modeling: Application of the MOSEL Language: 588 (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 588)

Springer

£109.12 18 May 2026
The NCL Natural Constraint Language
74% match

The NCL Natural Constraint Language

Springer

£90.10 18 May 2026
Concept Formation and Knowledge Revision
74% match

Concept Formation and Knowledge Revision

Springer

£108.33 18 May 2026
Knowledge Representation and Relation Nets: 506 (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 506)
74% match

Knowledge Representation and Relation Nets: 506 (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 506)

Springer

£107.57 18 May 2026
Kernel Learning Algorithms for Face Recognition
73% match

Kernel Learning Algorithms for Face Recognition

Springer

£84.28 18 May 2026
Handbook for Evaluating Knowledge-Based Systems: Conceptual Framework and Compendium of Methods
73% match

Handbook for Evaluating Knowledge-Based Systems: Conceptual Framework and Compendium of Methods

Springer

£107.98 18 May 2026
Languages for System Specification: Selected Contributions on UML, SystemC, System Verilog, Mixed-Signal Systems, and Property Specification from FDL’03
73% match

Languages for System Specification: Selected Contributions on UML, SystemC, System Verilog, Mixed-Signal Systems, and Property Specification from FDL’03

Springer

£107.98 18 May 2026
Specification and Verification of Multi-agent Systems
73% match

Specification and Verification of Multi-agent Systems

Springer

£107.98 18 May 2026
Frontiers of Expert Systems: Reasoning with Limited Knowledge: 552 (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 552)
73% match

Frontiers of Expert Systems: Reasoning with Limited Knowledge: 552 (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 552)

Springer

£108.71 18 May 2026
Mathematical Modeling and Optimization: An Essay for the Design of Computer-Based Modeling Tools: 31 (Applied Optimization, 31)
72% match

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization: An Essay for the Design of Computer-Based Modeling Tools: 31 (Applied Optimization, 31)

Springer

£72.66 18 May 2026
Catalogue of Artificial Intelligence Techniques (Symbolic Computation)
72% match

Catalogue of Artificial Intelligence Techniques (Symbolic Computation)

Springer

£73.75 18 May 2026
Introduction to Intelligent Simulation: The RAO Language
72% match

Introduction to Intelligent Simulation: The RAO Language

Springer

£111.73 18 May 2026
Knowing and the Mystique of Logic and Rules: including True Statements in Knowing and Action * Computer Modelling of Human Knowing Activity * Coherent ... 18 (Studies in Cognitive Systems, 18)
72% match

Knowing and the Mystique of Logic and Rules: including True Statements in Knowing and Action * Computer Modelling of Human Knowing Activity * Coherent ... 18 (Studies in Cognitive Systems, 18)

Springer

£113.76 11 May 2026
Modern Language Models and Computation: Theory with Applications
72% match

Modern Language Models and Computation: Theory with Applications

Springer

£74.05 18 May 2026
Multiparadigm Constraint Programming Languages (Cognitive Technologies)
72% match

Multiparadigm Constraint Programming Languages (Cognitive Technologies)

Springer

£75.68 11 May 2026
Programming with Higher-Order Logic
72% match

Programming with Higher-Order Logic

Cambridge University Press

£32.17 18 May 2026
Advances in Design and Specification Languages for Embedded Systems: Selected Contributions from FDL’06
72% match

Advances in Design and Specification Languages for Embedded Systems: Selected Contributions from FDL’06

Springer

£107.98 11 May 2026
Languages, Design Methods, and Tools for Electronic System Design: Selected Contributions from FDL 2013: 311 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 311)
72% match

Languages, Design Methods, and Tools for Electronic System Design: Selected Contributions from FDL 2013: 311 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 311)

Springer

£76.38 11 May 2026
Knowledge Acquisition: Selected Research and Commentary: A Special Issue of Machine Learning on Knowledge Acquisition: 92 (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 92)
72% match

Knowledge Acquisition: Selected Research and Commentary: A Special Issue of Machine Learning on Knowledge Acquisition: 92 (The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, 92)

Springer

£75.25 18 May 2026
High-Level System Modeling: Specification Languages: 3 (Current Issues in Electronic Modeling, 3)
72% match

High-Level System Modeling: Specification Languages: 3 (Current Issues in Electronic Modeling, 3)

Springer

£77.35 18 May 2026
Advances in Explainability, Agents, and Large Language Models: First International Workshop on Causality, Agents and Large Models, CALM 2024, Kyoto, ... in Computer and Information Science, 2471)
72% match

Advances in Explainability, Agents, and Large Language Models: First International Workshop on Causality, Agents and Large Models, CALM 2024, Kyoto, ... in Computer and Information Science, 2471)

Springer

£73.44 15 May 2026
Formal Specification Techniques for Engineering Modular C Programs: 1 (International Series in Software Engineering, 1)
72% match

Formal Specification Techniques for Engineering Modular C Programs: 1 (International Series in Software Engineering, 1)

Springer

£129.99 18 May 2026