Springer Proceedings of the International Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (ICSTSS) 2012

This biannual conference in Pahang, Malaysia, is a clearing house for many of the latest research findings in a highly multidisciplinary field. The contributions span a host of academic disciplines which are themselves rapidly evolving, making this collection of 90 selected papers an invaluable snapshot of an arena of pure and applied science that produces many versatile innovations. The book covers a multitude of topics ranging from the sciences (pure and applied) to technology (computing and engineering), and on to social science disciplines such as business, education, and linguistics. The papers have been carefully chosen to represent the leading edge of the current research effort, and come from individuals and teams working right around the globe. They are a trusted point of reference for academicians and students intending to pursue higher-order research projects in relevant fields, and form a major contribution to the international exchange of ideas and strategies in the various technological and social science disciplines. It is the sheer scope of this volume that ensures its relevance in a scientific climate with a marked trend towards disciplinary synthesis. From the Back Cover This biannual conference in Pahang, Malaysia, is a clearing house for many of the latest research findings in a highly multidisciplinary field. The contributions span a host of academic disciplines which are themselves rapidly evolving, making this collection of 90 selected papers an invaluable snapshot of an arena of pure and applied science that produces many versatile innovations. The book covers a multitude of topics ranging from the sciences (pure and applied) to technology (computing and engineering), and on to social science disciplines such as business, education, and linguistics. The papers have been carefully chosen to represent the leading edge of the current research effort, and come from individuals and teams working right around the globe. They are a trusted point of reference for academicians and students intending to pursue higher-order research projects in relevant fields, and form a major contribution to the international exchange of ideas and strategies in the various technological and social science disciplines. It is the sheer scope of this volume that ensures its relevance in a scientific climate with a marked trend towards disciplinary synthesis. About the Author Dr Azman Kasim obtained his Ph.D in amorphous lasing materials from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor in 2010. In 2000, he obtained his M.Sc in Physics Ultrasonic and in 1995 he completed his degree in physics from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Currently, he is a senior lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Pahang, Malaysia. He has worked at UiTM since 2000 and has been appointed the Academic Publications Coordinator (JAPENA). His appointment as the Physics Association advisor has ensured active involvement with undergraduate students’ affairs and development projects. He has supervised M.Sc and Ph.D students to carry out research activities. In research and publications, Dr Azman has collectively published research papers related to his field of studies in refereed journals both locally and internationally. He has also been awarded grants by the Malaysia government (Ministry of Education) to carry out research works related to his field of studies in collaboration with other Malaysian higher educational institutions. Dr Azman has been enrolled as a life member of the Malaysia Association of Solid State (MASS), Malaysia, as well as the member of Glass Society, UK, since 2008. Wan Siti Atikah has been working at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Pahang, as a biology lecturer since 2006. She obtained her first and second degrees from Universiti Putra Malaysia.  She was granted BSc. in Bioindustry (Majoring in Microbes and Bioprocess Technology) and MSc. in Fermentation Technology in 2003 and 2009, respectively.  She has