University of California Press Upper Limit: How Low-Wage Work Defines Punishment and Welfare

Since 1993, crime in the United States has fallen to historic lows, seeming to legitimize the country’s mix of welfare reform and mass incarceration. The Upper Limit explains how this unusual mix came about, examining how, beginning in the 1970s, declining living standards for the poor have defined social and penal policy in the United States, making welfare more restrictive and punishment harsher. François Bonnet shows how low-wage work sets the upper limit of social and penal policy, where welfare must be less attractive than low-wage work and criminal life must be less attractive than welfare. In essence, the living standards of the lowest class of workers in a society determine the upper limit for the generosity of welfare and for the humanity of punishment in that society. The Upper Limit explores the local consequences of this punitive adjustment in East New York, a Brooklyn neighborhood where crime fell in the 1990s. Bonnet argues that no meaningful penal reform can happen unless living standards and the minimum wage rise again. Enlightening and provocative, The Upper Limit provides a comprehensive theory of the evolution of social and penal policy.   Review " The Upper Limit enriches a broad range of literatures, including poverty and inequality, social welfare, punishment studies, reentry, federal housing assistance, and political sociology. . . . Bonnet's work illuminates the social stakes and imperatives of that fight--the chance to create a more generous and less punitive society."-- "Contemporary Sociology" "The book's analyses of punitive practices through multiple public and private organizations is worthy of the read in itself."-- "Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books" From the Inside Flap "A book of incredible scope, complexity, and erudition, The Upper Limit shows how paying the lowest possible wages to workers at the bottom of the labor market makes us all less secure." &;Mary Pattillo, author of Black on the Block  "An original and valuable addition to the field of contemporary punishment and society studies." &;Alessandro De Giorgi, author of Re-thinking the Political Economy of Punishment &;The concept of less eligibility is essential for understanding social control policies in the modern world. This book offers readers an excellent account of how this concept explains the trajectories of punishment and welfare policy in America.  It should be read by everyone with an interest in these important subjects.&; &;Ahmed White, author of The Last Great Strike From the Back Cover "A book of incredible scope, complexity, and erudition, The Upper Limit shows how paying the lowest possible wages to workers at the bottom of the labor market makes us all less secure." --Mary Pattillo, author of Black on the Block "An original and valuable addition to the field of contemporary punishment and society studies." --Alessandro De Giorgi, author of Re-thinking the Political Economy of Punishment "The concept of less eligibility is essential for understanding social control policies in the modern world. This book offers readers an excellent account of how this concept explains the trajectories of punishment and welfare policy in America. It should be read by everyone with an interest in these important subjects." --Ahmed White, author of The Last Great Strike About the Author François Bonnet is Research Fellow in Sociology and Political Science at CNRS, the French National Center for Scientific Research.