Elsevier Voids in Materials: From Unavoidable Defects to Designed Cellular Materials

Voids in Materials: From Unavoidable Defects to Designed Cellular Materials, Second Edition, provides a central reference for discussion of voids in materials, covering all types of voids—intrinsic and intentional, and stochastic and non-stochastic—and the processes and conditions that are needed to create them. The book offers an extensive review of current applications and proposes future directions for using voids to impart functionality. The voids (or empty spaces in materials) are defined, categorized, and characterized, including the effects they have on material properties, and designed or unavoidable defects. Ultimately, voids are viewed as a material design parameter that can be incorporated into materials on multiple length scales for the design of multifunctional material. All materials have voids in them, at some scale. Sometimes the voids are ignored, sometimes they are taken into account, and other times they are the focal point of the research. Covers the effect of voids in materials, from low volume fraction defects to very high-volume fraction foams Explains how and why voids are introduced into materials across multiple length scales Discusses the smallest scale in which voids are mostly unavoidable Presents voids across the volume fraction scale Provides a continuous and clear picture of how material properties change as the volume fraction of void goes from 1% up to 99% Outlines the implications of voids at different length scales and volume fraction content Explains the Impact of designed and unwanted voids on current mega trends