Skin Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important worldwide health problem with an estimated global rate of 9.3% in 2019. Global incidence rate has been increased more than doubled since 1990 and is seemed to continue rising in the next years. DM is more common in high-income regions, and the projected rate in the USA by 2050 is 21% to 33%. Diabetes negatively affects quality of life and is correlated with a two- to three-fold rise in all-cause mortality. Type 2 DM (T2DM) constitutes about 90% of all diabetes. Cutaneous presentations of DM are prevalent and have been found in 30% to 79% of cases with diabetes. The spectrum of DM-related skin disease is wide, and ranges from benign to life-threatening disorders. Even “benign” cutaneous presentations are crucial since they may precede the disorder and signal underlying DM in undiagnosed cases, or represent poorly controlled disorder in cases with known disorder. Moreover, it has been suggested that the visible nature of skin disease may have motivation for subjects to better control their disease. This book summarizes the skin presentations of diabetes using the following categories: (1) characteristic skin manifestations, (2) general skin presentations, and (3) characteristics associated with diabetes therapy. The aims of this book is on clinical manifestations and diagnosis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and treatment of cutaneous manifestations of diabetes.