£48.00

TRAMADOL USE AND RENAL DISEASE IN GAROUA (CAMEROON)

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Last 605 days • 605 data points (No recent data available)

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£50.59 £47.74 £48.36 £48.98 £49.61 £50.23 £50.85 16 June 2024 14 November 2024 14 April 2025 12 September 2025 10 February 2026

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456 days · current 149 days 0 114 228 342 456 £48 £51 Days at Price

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Most common price: £48 (456 days, 75.4%)

Price range: £48 - £51

Price levels: 2 different prices over 605 days

Description

Kidney disease is a public health problem because of: Its ever-increasing incidence The high associated mortality and the cost of its management. It affects 10% of adults worldwide in its chronic form. Hypertension, diabetes, chronic infections are the main risk factors but also nephrotoxic substances. Which represents 5% of the causes. Among these nephrotoxic substances: analgesics occupy a proportion of 20%, but also Opiates (heroin and cocaine). However, in sub-Saharan Africa, and in Cameroon in particular, tramadol, a second-tier analgesic derived from opioids, used clinically for the treatment of pain, has been increasingly found in illicit channels and abused since 2003. In addition, the increase in the number of patients with end-stage renal disease, which rose from 30 in 2000 to 497 in 2012 in Cameroon, has led to the question of whether chronic users of tramadol are at risk of developing renal disease.

Product Specifications

Format
paperback
Domain
Amazon UK
Release Date
28 October 2022
Listed Since
29 October 2022

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