£48.00

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£48 today · cheaper than every other day in the last 3 months

TRAMADOL USE AND RENAL DISEASE IN GAROUA (CAMEROON)

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Price History & Forecast

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Last 34 days · 34 data points (no recent data)

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£53.00 £47.50 £48.70 £49.90 £51.10 £52.30 £53.50 02 August 2026 10 August 2026 18 August 2026 26 August 2026 04 September 2026
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Price Distribution

Price distribution over 34 days • 2 price levels

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Current Price
29 days · current 5 days 0 7 15 22 29 £48 £53 Days at Price

Price Analysis

Most common price: £48 (29 days, 85.3%)

Price range: £48 - £53

Price levels: 2 different prices over 34 days

Description

Kidney disease is a public health problem because of: Its ever-increasing incidence The high associated mortality and the cost of its management. It affects 10% of adults worldwide in its chronic form. Hypertension, diabetes, chronic infections are the main risk factors but also nephrotoxic substances. Which represents 5% of the causes. Among these nephrotoxic substances: analgesics occupy a proportion of 20%, but also Opiates (heroin and cocaine). However, in sub-Saharan Africa, and in Cameroon in particular, tramadol, a second-tier analgesic derived from opioids, used clinically for the treatment of pain, has been increasingly found in illicit channels and abused since 2003. In addition, the increase in the number of patients with end-stage renal disease, which rose from 30 in 2000 to 497 in 2012 in Cameroon, has led to the question of whether chronic users of tramadol are at risk of developing renal disease.

Product Specifications

Format
paperback
Domain
Amazon UK
Release Date
28 October 2022
Listed Since
29 October 2022

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