Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment

Cancer affects a large proportion of the global population and remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, ranking second according to the World Health Organization. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, major challenges, such as drug resistance, systemic toxicity, and limited tumor selectivity, continue to drive the search for more effective therapies and improved drug delivery strategies. This Special Issue brings together original research and review articles highlighting recent progress in cancer treatment. Contributions cover diverse approaches, including novel small-molecule anticancer agents, epigenetic modulators, nanotechnology-based and combination therapies, externally activated targeted treatments, drug repurposing, and immunotherapy. The collection reflects the multidisciplinary nature of modern oncology, spanning mechanistic insights and translational applications. The Issue also presents emerging experimental platforms and enabling technologies, including 3D in vitro cancer models, organoid-based drug testing, and machine learning-supported preclinical research. Novel therapeutic modalities-such as photothermal and photoimmunotherapy, nanovesicle drug delivery, dual-action treatments, and natural compounds-are also explored. Overall, this collection highlights innovative strategies aimed at improving the efficacy, selectivity, and safety of cancer therapies and advancing more personalized treatment approaches.