Springer Integrated Computational Life Cycle Engineering for Traction Batteries

Summary............................................................................................................................. 3 Acronyms............................................................................................................................ 4 Contents.............................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 1: Background and context........................................................................... 8 1. Towards a more sustainable private transportation system ........................... 8 2. The risk of problem shifting ............................................................................. 10 3. Complex systems require tools and methodologies ..................................... 11 4. Objective, context and structure of this work................................................. 13 References......................................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2: LCE and electromobility........................................................................ 18 5. Environmental sustainability and Life Cycle Engineering........................... 18 5.1. Environmental Impacts of products.............................................................. 20 5.2. Life Cycle Assessment.................................................................................... 22 5.3. Life Cycle Engineering .................................................................................. 26 Definitions and scope...................................................................................... 26 Methods and Tools for LCE........................................................................... 27 LCA- based methods and tools for LCE...................................................... 29 2. Technical aspects of electric vehicles and lithium-ion traction batteries.. 32 2.1. Electric vehicles: definitions and classification.......................................... 32 2.2. Electric vehicle energy demand..................................................................... 35 2.3. Electric vehicle main components................................................................. 39 2.4. Lithium-ion traction batteries......................................................................... 42 Working principles and main cell components.......................................... 42 Battery design and manufacturing................................................................ 47 Battery degradation......................................................................................... 52 Battery Recycling....................................................................