Springer Cryogenic Helium Refrigeration for Middle and Large Powers (International Cryogenics Monograph Series)

This book offers a practical introduction to helium refrigeration engineering, taking a logical and structured approach to the design, building, commissioning, operation and maintenance of refrigeration systems. It begins with a short refresher of cryogenic principles, and a review of the theory of heat exchangers, allowing the reader to understand the importance of the heat exchanger role in the various thermodynamic cycle structures. The cycles are considered from the simplest (Joule Thomson) to the most complicated ones for the very large refrigeration plants and, finally, those operating at temperatures lower than 4.5 K. The focus then turns to the operation, ability and limitations of the main components, including room temperature cycle screw compressors, heat exchangers, cryogenic expansion turbines, cryogenic centrifugal compressors and circulators. The book also describes the basic principles of process control and studies the operating situations of helium plants, with emphasis on high level efficiency. A major issue is helium purity, and the book explains why helium is polluted, how to purify it and then how to check its purity, to ensure that all components are filled with pure helium prior to starting. Although the intention of the book is not to design thermodynamic cycles, it is of interest to a designer or operator of a cryogenic system to perform some simplified calculations to get an idea of how components or systems are behaving.  Throughout the book, such calculations are generally performed using Microsoft® Excel and the Gaspak® or Hepak® software.  From the Back Cover This book offers a practical introduction to helium refrigeration engineering, taking a logical and structured approach to the design, building, commissioning, operation and maintenance of refrigeration systems. It begins with a short refresher of cryogenic principles, and a review of the theory of heat exchangers, allowing the reader to understand the importance of the heat exchanger role in the various thermodynamic cycle structures. The cycles are considered from the simplest (Joule Thomson) to the most complicated ones for the very large refrigeration plants and, finally, those operating at temperatures lower than 4.5 K. The focus then turns to the operation, ability and limitations of the main components, including room temperature cycle screw compressors, heat exchangers, cryogenic expansion turbines, cryogenic centrifugal compressors and circulators. The book also describes the basic principles of process control and studies the operating situations of helium plants, with emphasis on high level efficiency. A major issue is helium purity, and the book explains why helium is polluted, how to purify it and then how to check its purity, to ensure that all components are filled with pure helium prior to starting. Although the intention of the book is not to design thermodynamic cycles, it is of interest to a designer or operator of a cryogenic system to perform some simplified calculations to get an idea of how components or systems are behaving.  Throughout the book, such calculations are generally performed using Microsoft® Excel and the Gaspak® or Hepak® software.  About the Author Guy Gistau Baguer is a consultant in the field of cryogenics and helium refrigeration and liquefaction, with more than 50 years experience of building and operating cryogenic systems. From 1965 to 2000 he worked for Air Liquide, and since 2000 has been a consultant providing training courses in helium refrigeration engineering. He is a member of the A1/2 commission of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR), member of the "Association Française du Froid, Commission Cryogénie et Supraconductivité", former advisor editor for the journal Cryogenics journal, former-member (1984 – 2008) and former-Chairman (1998 – 2006) of the International Cryogenic Engineering Committee (ICEC), and former member of t