Huxley in America: T.H. Huxley, American Science, University Education and Scientific Propaganda, 1870-1880

Thomas Henry Huxley ,PC,FRS(1825 1895) was one of the most distinguished British scientists of the 19thc and was called Darwin's Bulldog for his advocacy of Darwin's theory of evolution. He was instrumental in developing university level science education in Britain but what is not well known is his enormous contribution to American science and science education especially in the decade 1870 to 1880. Michael Collie's new monograph discusses Huxley at this point in his career which was essentially before he was recognized widely by his own countrymen. This work discusses Huxley's American correspondence both with scientists and publishers in the United States leading up to his trip to America in 1876. The date was providential since national celebrations were ubiquitous and Huxley's visit coincided with patriotic effulgence (as well as with the massacre of General Custer at the hands of the Sioux and Cheyenne). Collie describes how Huxley's books and articles were received by American scientific community and how Huxley's efforts to propagandize not merely Darwin but the full armature of investigative science fell on willing ears. In fact ,the author argues, this trip was the turning point of his career.The study is divided into three major sections: Huxley's contacts with scientists and educators prior to his visit (1870-1876), the trip itself and the aftermath, with notes on Huxley's writings at the Humboldt Library. The trip itself includes new research on Huxley and the founding of Johns Hopkins University as well as his visit to Yale and the fruitful meetings with O.M.Marsh (new work on the origins of the horse came out of that discussion). The trip also included lectures in New York that were front page news (and strengthen Huxley's position in England. Personal matters also are discussed as Huxley's wife had American relatives and their contribution to the trip is also delineated.Finally,a full scale bibliography and preface provides a much need guide to Huxley's book publications both in America and in Europe and an assessment is made as to the success of his scientific as well as educational writings together with his scientific propaganda urging the establishment of modern research departments and centers in America.