Woodhead Publishing Creep-Resistant Steels (Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering)

Creep resistant steels must be reliable over very long periods of time, at high temperatures and in severe environments. Their microstructures have to be very stable, both in the wrought and the welded states. Creep, especially long-term creep behaviour of these materials is a vital property and it is necessary to evaluate and estimate long-term creep strength accurately for safe operation of plant and equipment. The first part of the book describes the specifications and manufacture of creep resistant steels. Part two covers the behaviour of creep resistant steels and a final group of chapters analyses applications. Key Features: describes the specifications and manufacture of creep-resistant steels; strengthening methods are discussed in detail; different applications are analysed including turbines and nuclear reactors. Contents: Part 1 General: Introduction; The development of creep-resistant steels; Specifications for creep-resistant steels: Europe; Specifications for creep-resistant steels; Production of creep-resistant steels for turbines. Part 2 Behaviour of creep-resistant steels: Physical and elastic behaviour of creep-resistant steels; Diffusion behaviour of creep-resistant steels; Fundamental aspects of creep deformation and deformation mechanism map; Strengthening mechanisms in steel for creep and creep rupture; Precipitation during heat treatment and service Characterisation, simulation and strength contribution; Grain boundaries in creep resistant steels; Fracture mechanism map and fundamental aspects of creep fracture; Mechanisms of creep deformation in steel; Constitutive equations for creep curves and predicting service life; Creep strain analysis in steel; Creep crack growth behaviour and creep-fatigue behaviour of steels; Creep strength of welded joints of ferritic steels; Fracture mechanics: understanding in microdimensions; Mechanisms of oxidation and corrosion and the influence of steam oxidation on service life of steam power plant components. Part 3 Applications: Alloy design philosophy of creep-resistant steels; Using creep-resistant steels in turbines; Using creep-resistant steels in nuclear reactors; Creep damage - Industry needs and future R&D.