American Academy of Ophthalmology 2022-2023 Basic and Clinical Science Course, Section 12: Retina and Vitreous

Major revision. The Academy's Basic and Clinical Science Course™ is ophthalmology’s definitive source of clinical information. Practicing ophthalmologists and residents worldwide use the BCSC® to ensure the highest-quality patient care. Each of the 13 volumes includes up-to-date clinical knowledge, concise information, tables, self-assessment questions with answers, photos and illustrations and opportunities for earning AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Beginning with the 2013–2014 edition, the Academy and the European Board of Ophthalmology (EBO) have partnered to make the BCSC® the standard text for all European ophthalmology training programs. The EBO now recommends the BCSC® as the primary educational resource for European trainees and ophthalmologists studying for the annual EBO Diploma Exam. Section 12 is arranged into three parts. Part one begins with an overview of the retina and its relationship to the pigment epithelium, choroid and vitreous plus discusses the major retinal disorders and their appropriate diagnostic methods and treatment principles. As part of a major revision, part two has been reorganized, providing a more logical flow. These chapters cover specific diseases and trauma to the posterior segment and provide appropriate diagnostic techniques, plus review vitreoretinal diseases and management and therapy of retinal diseases. Substantial updates in part three provide key knowledge about cryotherapy for posterior segment diseases and include select therapeutic topics, plus laser therapy and vitreoretinal surgery. A new chapter on gene therapy covers the common types of DNA therapy: gene augmentation, optogenetics, and genome editing. This revision features 19 new videos and includes videos on posterior segment treatment approaches and common vitreoretinal procedures. More than 175 figures, illustrations and photos plus ten interactive animations, have been added to aid your understanding. Upon completion of Section 12, readers should be able to: Select appropriate methods of examination and ancillary studies for the diagnosis of vitreoretinal disorders. Describe the principles of medical and surgical treatment of vitreoretinal disorders. Incorporate data from major prospective clinical trials in the management of selected vitreoretinal disorders. Describe and explain the urgency, appropriateness and timing of vitreoretinal conditions and interventions.