Advances in Medicine and Biology: Volume 153

This compilation opens with a review of the structure and life cycle of neuraminidase in influenza A, and also discusses the method of developing neuraminidase inhibitors derived from natural products and peptides. Following this, the authors describe the different uses of chlorhexidine in the medical field, focusing on dental use. Particularly, the authors discuss its: properties, chemistry, forms of presentation, substantivity and cytotoxicity; uses in dentistry: cariology, periodontology, oral surgery and endodontics. Additionally, the authors discuss rufinamide, a novel triazole derivative which differs from commercial antiepileptic drugs. It is used as an adjunctive medicine in children, adults and the elder population, and administered orally. One study discusses antiviral treatment for the avian influenza A virus using neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir. Although both inhibitors show therapeutic and prophylactic activities against the H5N1 strains, it is proposed that treatment should be further developed in order to increase the efficiency of the inhibitors against the strains. Angiogenesis or neovascularization is a global term which indicates the physiological process involving the sprouting of new blood vessels from the pre-existing ones. The development of new blood vessels from differentiating endothelial cells is called vasculogenesis. This collection addresses how these processes are vital for tissue development and wound healing in damaged tissues. The spectrum of spondyloarthritides with inflammatory bowel disease and enteropathic arthritis is examined in an effort to give the reader an insight into the risk factors, treatment and prognosis of this clinically challenging rheumatic disease. Later, the principles of optical coherence tomography-guided femtosecond laser cataract surgery are explored. The combination of femtosecond laser surgery and optical coherence tomography imaging simultaneously guides the development of next-generation femtosecond surgical lasers in cataract surgery and explores femtosecond-laser surgical strategies. The authors present a novel colorimetric method for the assay of XI using a reducing monosaccharide determination. The test solution was mixed with 20-fold volume of the 50 mM Na2SiO3, 600 mM Na2MoO4, and 0.95 M HCl aqueous solution (pH 4.5), in which a yellow molybdosilicate species was formed. The penultimate chapter introduces the origin, preparation, applications of Taiyi Shenzhen (Taiyi Moxa Stick Moxibustion), and reviews the relevant research in the past ten years. The concluding study focuses on the daily foraging of honeybees, which is one of the most well-organized social behaviors that exist among social insects. Honeybees are extensively used model animals in behavioral studies for understanding the time-space learning, landmark use and concept of learning.