Bloomsbury Inventing Unemployment: Regulating Joblessness in Twentieth-Century Australia

This book examines the evolution of Australian unemployment law and policy across the past 100 years. It poses the question 'How does unemployment happen?'. But it poses it in a particular way. How do we regulate work relationships, gather statistics, and administer a social welfare system so as to produce something we call 'unemployment'? And how has that changed over time?Attempts to sort workers into discrete categories - the 'employed', the 'unemployed', those 'not in the labour force' - are fraught, and do not always easily correspond with people's working lives. Across the first decades of the twentieth century, trade unionists, statisticians and advocates of social insurance in Australia as well as Britain grappled with the problem of which forms of joblessness should be classified as 'unemployment' and which should not. This book traces those debates. It also chronicles the emergence and consolidation of a specific idea of unemployment in Australia after the Second World War. It then charts the eventual unravelling of that idea, and relates that unravelling to the changing ways of ordering employment relationships.In doing so, Inventing Unemployment challenges the preconception that casual work, self-employment, and the 'gig economy' are recent phenomena. Those forms of work confounded earlier attempts to define 'unemployment' and are again unsettling our contemporary understandings of joblessness. This thought-provoking book shows that the category of 'unemployment', rather than being a taken-for-granted economic variable, has its own history, and that history is intimately related to our changing understandings of 'employment'. Review It is often thought that people are either employed or unemployed. Inventing Unemployment helps to unpack why and how a rigid divide between the two categories is not particularly helpful in understanding either one ... Inventing Unemployment is an important and compelling book which furthers understandings of the employment–welfare nexus. -- Gaby Ramia, University of Sydney, Australia ― Journal of Industrial Relations[A] meticulously researched and detailed examination of Australian unemployment law, administration and policy settings over the last century … Social policy researchers, historians, public policy scholars and practitioners will find much value in the thought-provoking analysis offered by O’Donnell. -- Greg Marston, University of Queensland, Australia ― Journal of Social Security LawThis is an important book both for specialists in labour law and welfare policy, but also for labour historians … The book’s strength is not simply its lucid explication of the evolution of law and policy relating to unemployment, but its secure grounding in historical context. -- Janet McCalman, University of Melbourne ― Labour History About the Author Anthony O’Donnell is Senior Lecturer in Law at La Trobe University, Melbourne.