University of Chicago Press Manifold Destiny: Arabs at an American Crossroads of Exceptional Rule

At the border where Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina meet under the scrutiny of the U.S. and Mercosur (the large South American trade bloc), Arabs have long been agents of what author John Tofik Karam calls a 'manifold destiny.' In this, Karam casts Arab communities in Latin America as circumstantial protagonists of a hemispheric saga. For the more than six decades since they started settling at the border where Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina meet, Arabs have animated the hemisphere. Their transnational economic and social projects reveal a heretofore unacknowledged venue of exceptional rule in which the community accommodates and abides multiple states' varied suspensions of norms and laws. Arabs set up businesses and community centers at the border under authoritarian military governments between the 1950s and 1980s; thereafter, when denied full democratic enfranchisement, they instead underwent increasing surveillance from the 1990s to today. Karam reveals an unfinished history of exceptional rule and Arab accommodation from an authoritarian past to a counterterrorist present. Karam's riveting account draws on anthropological and historical research from each side of this triple border, as well as from the U.S-where government bureaucrats still suspect Arabs at the border of would-be terrorist subversion. Offering a fresh understanding of the hemisphere, Manifold Destiny brings the transnational turn of Middle Eastern Studies to bear upon the fields of American Studies, Brazilian Studies, and Latin American Studies. Review "A superb reading of Arab Latin America, Manifold Destiny explores the semi-peripheral crossroads zone inhabited and animated by Arabs along the shared tri-national borders between Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. Offering a rigorous synthesis of ethnic studies, area studies, and transnational studies, John Karam insightfully examines this dynamic geopolitical landscape, constructing a palpable narrative of Arab diasporic history within and beyond the Americas." --Ella Shohat, author of Taboo Memories, Diasporic Voices About the Author John Tofik Karam is acting director of the Lemann Center for Brazilian Studies at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, where he is an associate professor in the Department of Spanish and Portuguese as well. Funded by the Fulbright program and the NEH, his work won awards from the Arab American National Museum and the Brazilian Studies Association, and was translated into Arabic and Portuguese.