Jason Aronson Why It Is Good to Be Good: Ethics, Kohut's Self Psychology, and Modern Society

In Why It Is Good to be Good, John H. Riker argues that modernity, by undermining traditional religious and metaphysical grounds for moral belief, has left itself no way to explain why it is personally good to be a morally good person. Furthermore, modernity's regnant concept of the self as an independent agent organized around the optimal satisfaction of desires and involved in an intense economic competition with others intensifies the likelihood that modern persons will see morality as a set of limiting constraints that stand in the way of personal advantage and will tend to cheat when they believe there is little likelihood of getting caught. This cheating has begun to severely undermine modernity's economic and social institutions. Riker proposes that Heinz Kohut's psychoanalytic understanding of the self can provide modernity with a naturalistic ground for saying why it is good to be good. Kohut sees the self as a dynamic, unconscious structure which, when coherent and actively engaged with the world, provides the basis for a heightened sense of lively flourishing. The key to the self's development and sustained coherence is the presence of empathically responsive others-persons Kohut terms selfobjects. Riker argues that the best way to sustain vitalized selfobject relations in adulthood is by becoming an ethical human being. It is persons who develop the Aristotelian moral virtues-empathy for others, a sense of fairness, and a resolute integrity-who are best able to engage in the reciprocal selfobject relations that are necessary to maintain self-cohesion and who are most likely to extend empathic ethical concern to those beyond their selfobject matrixes. Riker also explores how Kohut's concept of the self incorporates a number of the most important insights about the self in the history of philosophy, constructs an original meta-psychology that differentiates the ego from the self, re-envisions ethical life on the basis of a psychoanalytically informed view of human nature, explores how pe Review A coherent and succinct treatise that imparts a unique theoretical wisdom. It is a well formulated first step toward addressing the myriad of social problems brought on by a lapse in ethical morality. Why It Is Good To Be Good: Ethics, Kohut's Self Psychology, and Modern Society will be of interest to psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and other mental health professionals as well as to social scientists, social policy makers, and educators. It is an important addition to the literature of psychoanalytic self psychology, relational psychoanalysis, and intersubjectivity theory.--PsycCRITIQUES Although Riker is attempting to tackle some very weighty issues, he manages to write in a manner that explains moral philosophy to interested mental health professionals and to elucidate some of the more recent writing in psychoanalytic theory to people who are just familiar with the ego psychology of Freud. As a result, students with concerns about ultimate questions can be provided with a very thoughtful answer, while practicing psychotherapists can find the work they do to be further grounded in a general theory of moral philosophy. And finally, those individuals who believe the core self is not bounded entirely by a relationship matrix are still provided with a series of thoughtful considerations.--Psychotherapy Review Written in a clear and inviting style, John Riker's unique mastery of contemporary psychoanalytic thinking and his expertise in the field of ethics enables him to create a book of elegantly woven, seemingly disparate strands. Contemporary psychoanalysis has undergone a quiet revolution in the past 40 years. A plurality of ideas is now welcome where once such thinking was considered heretical. John has made a serious study of Heinz Kohut's Psychology of the Self, one of the most influential of these new theories. We benefit from John's remarkable clinical and theoretical grasp of thi