University Press of Kansas Prigg v. Pennsylvania: Slavery, the Supreme Court, and the Ambivalent Constitution (Landmark Law Cases & American Society)

Margaret Morgan was born in freedom's shadow. Her parents were slaves of John Ashmore, a prosperous Maryland mill owner who freed many of his slaves in the last years of his life. Ashmore never laid claim to Margaret, who eventually married a free black man and moved to Pennsylvania. Then, John Ashmore's widow sent Edward Prigg to Pennsylvania to claim Margaret as a runaway. Prigg seized Margaret and her children - one of them born in Pennsylvania - and forcibly removed them to Maryland in violation of Pennsylvania law. In the ensuing uproar, Prigg was indicted for kidnapping under Pennsylvania's personal liberty law. Maryland, however, blocked his extradition, setting the stage for a remarkable Supreme Court case in 1842. In Prigg v. Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court considered more than just the fate of a single slavecatcher. The Court's majority struck down the free states' personal liberty laws and reaffirmed federal supremacy in determining the procedures for fugitive slave rendition. H. Robert Baker has written the first and only book-length treatment of this landmark case that became a pivot point for antebellum politics and law some fifteen years before Dred Scott. Baker addresses the Constitution's ambivalence regarding slavery and freedom. At issue were the reach of slaveholders' property rights into the free states, the rights of free blacks, and the relative powers of the federal and state governments. By announcing federal supremacy in regulating fugitive slave rendition, Prigg v. Pennsylvania was meant to bolster what slaveholders claimed as a constitutional right. But the decision cast into doubt the ability of free states to define freedom and to protect their free black populations from kidnapping. Baker's eye-opening account raises crucial questions about the place of slavery in the Constitution and the role of the courts in protecting it in antebellum America. More than that, it demonstrates how judges fashion conflicting constitutional interpretations from the same sources of law. Ultimately, it offers an instructive look at how constitutional interpretation that claims to be faithful to neutral legal principles and a definitive original meaning is nonetheless freighted with contemporary politics and morality. Prigg v. Pennsylvania is a sobering lesson for those concerned with today's controversial issues, as states seek to supplement and preempt federal immigration law or to overturn Roe v. Wade. Review An engaging, penetrating analysis of the Supreme Court's 1842 decision. . . . One of Baker's most significant contributions is to remind readers that like all 'landmark' judicial decisions, Prigg was, and remains, multilayered in its meaning and effect. The case involved not only the critical contemporary question of fugitive slaves' rights, but also important, ongoing issues of federalism and states' rights. Perhaps even more importantly, Baker reminds readers that all legal history begins at the human level, with individuals whose personal dilemmas provide the lens through which larger political, cultural, and legal issues are examined and resolved. That message cannot be repeated often enough. Highly recommended.-- Choice Baker traces the history of U.S. fugitive slave laws and discusses the individual rights of free blacks and servants, property claims of slaveholders, evolving roles of state and federal courts, and differing interpretations of federalism and fugitive law in the Constitution. The only book-length treatment of this key opinion, this title is challenging reading, but for scholars and advanced students it offers great insight into the political and legal history of the antebellum period.--Library Journal [Baker] provides a balanced analysis of both sides of the fugitive slave conflict in a clear, engaging prose style . . . The text includes a chronology of events and detailed bibliographic essay.--Kansas HistoryPrigg v. Pennsylvania is about much more than slaver