Cambridge University Press Psychological Perspectives on Justice: Theory and Applications (Cambridge Series on Judgment and Decision Making)

Justice, equity, and fairness are central concerns of everyday life, whether we are assessing the fairness of individual acts, social programmes, or institutional policies. This book explores how the distribution of costs and benefits determine our intuition about fairness and why individual behaviour sometimes deviates from normative theories of justice. To make any comparison, one must first state how fair distributions of resources or burdens should be made. Here, competing theories, such as utilitarianism and economic efficiency, are discussed. The chapters cover many topics including an investigation of various rules and heuristics that people use to make fair distributions; the motivation for people to conform to rules of fairness even when they conflict with self-interest; differences between the views of liberals and conservatives; societal rules for the distribution or allocation of critical or scarce resources; and implications for public policy. This mixture of theoretical and applied perspectives provides a balanced look at the psychology of justice. Review "The present tightly edited volume provides innovative and rigorous additions to this growing body of theoretical and empirical work....although the present volume clearly illustrates the usefulness of a behavioral decision theory in the study of justice, its greatest contribution lies in demonstrating how social goals and strategies, such as the pursuit of justice and fairness influence judgments and decisions about the allocation of valued resources." Terry L. Boles and Charles G. McClintock, Contemporary Psychology"This edited volume is a splendid introduction to an important set of psychological studies in normative reasoning....These studies, and some of their implications, should indeed be grist for an ethicist's preferred theory of moral behavior." Ethics Book Description Explores how the distribution of costs and benefits determine our intuition about fairness to provide a balanced look at the psychology of justice. From the Back Cover Justice is a central concern in everyday life; we are constantly confronted with situations that require us to assess the fairness of individuals' acts and institutional policies. These situations often involve difficult trade-offs between equality and efficiency, self-interest and cooperation, or short-term consumption and long-term savings. Psychological Perspectives on Justice explores our intuitions about fairness in the distribution of costs and benefits. Some of the chapters examine the extent to which individual behavior deviates from normative theories of justice, discussing competing theories such as utilitarianism and economic efficiency. Other chapters discuss the various rules that people use to make fair distributions, the motivation for people to conform to rules of fairness even when they conflict with self-interest, the differences between liberals and conservatives in their views of justice, and the rules that societies use to distribute or allocate scarce resources. The mixture of theoretical and applied perspectives provides a balanced look at the psychological underpinnings of justice.