Routledge Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence: The Life Cycle of Birth, Growth, Transformation, and Demise

This book provides a multidisciplinary approach to understanding human behavior and uses it to analyze the forces shaping the life cycle of violent political movements. This new edition has been revised and updated, with three new chapters added. The second edition takes us deeper inside human motivations, which cause otherwise rational people to join dissident groups, willing to kill and be killed. In doing so, the book draws upon research on brain science, evolutionary biology, and social psychology to help explain pathological collective behavior. From the motivations of individual participants, the book turns to the evolution of terrorist groups by venturing into theories of organizational development. Together, these theories explain the life cycle – the birth, growth, transformation from an ideological group to a criminal syndicate, and demise – of a dissident organization. These hypotheses are supported with detailed case studies of three disparate terrorist movements: the nationalists of the IRA, the communist Naxalites of India, and the religious fundamentalists of al-Qaeda and ISIS. The book’s theory leads to an explanation of the current global trend of rising tribalism and authoritarianism. The author warns that this latest wave of xenophobia and authoritarianism is likely to be exacerbated by climate change and the consequent rise in sea levels, which could displace millions from the areas least able to mitigate the effects of global warming to the countries that can. This book will be essential reading for students of terrorism studies, and of great interest to students of social psychology, political science, and sociology. Review 'This invaluable second edition of Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence builds on the seminal 2008 first edition of the text by rewriting chapters and updating material to reflect changes in the field over the last decade. In these pages readers will find vital background data and current case studies that illustrate the range of political, social, psychological and organizational aspects of contemporary terrorism. The book is ideal for classroom use at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as being a valuable resource for scholars.'--Jeffrey Kaplan, Habib University, Karachi, Pakistan 'Armed with the perspective of not one but multiple academic disciplines, Dipak Gupta takes us on an extraordinary journey. This second edition of his groundbreaking book, Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence, is completely updated and proves even more essential for grappling with the complex chaos that is terrorism today.'--John Horgan, Georgia State University, USA Praise for the first edition: 'Dipak Gupta’s excellent study of terrorism offers a unique combination of rigorous interdisciplinary analysis, personal experience, and both historical and theoretical scope. It is a most welcome addition to the field. The argument benefits from a unifying framework and consistency of approach not always found in the literature on terrorism, large though it is. ... Both specialists and non-specialists will profit from reading it.'--Martha Crenshaw, Stanford University, USA ‘A fascinating, comprehensive, well-written, lucid and critical discussion of the terrorism studies field. It will intrigue academics and students, and is laced with the author's telling personal experiences. Policy makers and citizens will find that the analysis of the life cycles of terrorist organizations, and the common mistakes governments make over and over again, persuasive and useful.’--David C. Rapoport, UCLA 'The book goes well beyond just reporting the history and prevalence of terrorism. Its primary contribution is the explanatory analysis that it offers, Its theoretical analysis provides critical insights into the forces that underly political violence and offers us understanding of more promising routes toward its containment. Without such analytic approach