Routledge 'Crossover' Children in the Youth Justice and Child Protection Systems (Routledge Frontiers of Criminal Justice)

"Crossover" Children in the Youth Justice and Child Protection Systems explores the outcomes faced by the group of children who experience involvement with both child protection and youth justice systems across several countries, including the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. Situated against a backdrop of international evidence and grounded in a two-year study with the Children’s Court in Victoria, Australia, this book presents a cohesive picture of the backgrounds, characteristics, and pathways traversed by crossover children. It presents statistical data from 300 crossover Children’s Court case files, alongside the expert evidence of 82 professionals, to generate a comprehensive picture of the lives of crossover children, and the individual and systemic challenges that they face. The book investigates the crucial question of why some children involved with child welfare systems experience particularly poor criminal justice outcomes, demonstrating how the convergence of cumulative childhood adversity, complex support needs, and systemic disadvantage produces acutely damaging outcomes for some crossover youth. It outlines the implications of the study, including how these findings might shape diversion and differential justice system responses to child protection-involved youth, and the innovative approaches adopted internationally to avert the care to custody pathway. This book is internationally relevant and will be of great interest to students and scholars of criminology and law, social work, psychology, and sociology, as well as legal, welfare, and government agencies and policy developers, non-government peak bodies and services, professional probation services, case managers, health and mental health services, disability and drug treatment agencies, and others who work with both young offenders and the design and implementation of policy and legislation. Review "This book provides stories and experiences of ‘crossover children’ and the systems that have not given them the care they need. Unfortunately these stories are far from rare. By providing an analysis that highlights systemic failures, the book is a call to action – we need to ‘disrupt the pipeline’ from child protection and out-of-home care to youth justice." ―Julie Edwards, CEO of Jesuit Social Services, Australia "This research provides an unflinching account of the criminalisation of childhood abuse and trauma, detailing the overlap of children in the youth justice and child protection systems. Attention to these children is long overdue; this research provides a vital and unprecedented picture of their experiences and their pathways into and beyond the youth justice system. It is research that absolutely must be used to inform the major improvements needed to ensure children get the support they deserve and need." ―Liana Buchanan, Principal Commissioner for Children and Young People, Victoria, Australia "Children who are in both the youth justice and care and protection systems usually have the most complex cases and worst prognosis of all who come before the court. Many pass through with little or nothing happening to change their trajectories toward adult offending. Paradoxically they are perhaps the least understood and worst catered for because we have not had the quality of information necessary to help inform effective ways to manage them. In some courts, strategies such as crossover lists have been adopted to try and improve the way such cases are managed but, more often than not, these are ad hoc and based on anecdotal evidence only. The type of thorough research, wide consultation and careful analysis needed to properly inform the necessary systemic change is contained in this excellent and thoughtfully compiled book. It captures the wide range of factors to be considered including the true scale of the issue and the diversity of perspectives held by the numerous professionals and agencies in