Routledge Border Frictions: Gender, Generation and Technology on the Frontline (Routledge Studies in Criminal Justice, Borders and Citizenship)

How did Canadian border officers come to think of themselves as a "police of the border"? This book tells the story of the shift to law enforcement in Canadian border control. From the 1990s onward, it traces the transformation of a customs organization into a border-policing agency. Border Frictions investigates how considerable political efforts and state resources have made bordering a matter of security and trade facilitation best managed with surveillance technologies. Based on interviews with border officers, ethnographic work carried out in the vicinity of land border ports of entry and policy analysis, this book illuminates features seldom reviewed by critical border scholars. These include the fraught circulation of data, the role of unions in shaping the border policy agenda, the significance of professional socialization in the making of distinct generations of security workers and evidence of the masculinization of bordering. In a time when surveillance technologies track the mobilities of goods and people and push their control beyond and inside geopolitical borderlines, Côté-Boucher unpacks how we came to accept the idea that it is vital to deploy coercive bordering tactics at the land border. Written in a clear and engaging style, this book will appeal to students and scholars in criminology, sociology, social theory, politics, and geography and appeal to those interested in learning about the everyday reality of policing the border. Review Border frictions offers an important, understudied perspective on bordering practices and border control: the perspective of individual border control agents and the organizational structures they are operating within. By drawing on impressive and unique ethnographic fieldwork on the US-Canada border, Côté-Boucher shows the messiness and complexity of border work and therewith shines light on the challenges those who are tasked with this work are facing. It is at the border where socio-political, legal, organizational and individual goals, priorities and beliefs can clash hard. These clashes, and the ways in with individual agents deal with them are addressed in Border Frictions. In making sense of all this, the author looks at border control and bordering practices through, amongst others, a critical race and a critical feminist lens. The combination of unique fieldwork, a critical theoretical analysis and the focus on street-level border control agents and the various environments they are―often simultaneously―operating within makes Border Frictions a much needed and valuable addition to the every growing body of literature on borders and border criminologies. Maartje van der Woude, Professor of Law & Society, Van Vollenhoven Institute for Law, Governance & Society, Leiden Law School, the Netherlands This book by Karine Côté-Boucher is an essential read for anyone who considers that an investigation into human practices in context is the best antidote against exaggerations coming from those who adopt the radical hypothesis of a data revolution in security matters, be it to praise smart borders or to deplore the inexorability of data surveillance by algorithms. Her book is an absolute pleasure to read because of the attention she gives to the voices and practical work of border guards as well as her capacity to give a nuanced picture of this complex human tapestry. However, this empathy does not turn into an acceptance of actors’ inner systems of justification. She explains how the transformation of borderwork is not driven by smart borders nor by integrated data management with the aim of simplifying life, but by a competition of positions inside a field amongst security professionals endowed with distinct professional socializations. What is crucial therefore is not technology as such, but these professionals’ social use of the fraught integration of data in border management. The policing at a distance enabled by such deployment of data coincides wi